History of the Ambassador - Part Two

The Cine-variety Years, 1928-1964

    Following its grand opening, the Ambassador assumed its role as a cultural haven, providing Salfordians with an escape from their everyday routines through a diverse program of entertainment. This program included silent films, musical concerts, and a variety of live acts, often featuring local amateur drama and musical groups, fostering a sense of community within the cinema's walls.
    The elegantly appointed café, with its three expansive windows offering panoramic views of Salford, Manchester, and the Pennines beyond, proved to be a versatile venue. It hosted an array of events, including weddings, whist drives, social gatherings, cabaret performances, and dances. These events not only bolstered the cinema's finances but also solidified its position as a beloved community gathering place.
    In addition to film screenings, variety shows, and charity concerts became regular fixtures at the Ambassador. For instance, in response to the Prince of Wales's appeal for the Miners Relief Fund, the Pendleton Public Brass Band played at an event, raising £72 (equivalent to £5,640.57 today).
    The Cinema also hosted unique beauty contests, where only the contestants' faces were visible to the audience. In one such competition on Friday, September 27, 1929, a local Pendleton contestant, Frances Shorrocks, was crowned the most beautiful girl in Salford, winning £3 3s (worth £246.78 today).
    Furthermore, local organizations like the Langworthy Amateur Dramatic Society and the Swinton and District Amateur Operatic Society received free access to the hall for charity productions. For instance, they staged the musical "Rainbow Inn" at the Ambassador Super Cinema, Pendleton, Lancs, in November 1937, with proceeds benefitting local charities. This spirit of community involvement and entertainment defined the vibrant Cine-Variety era at the Ambassador.

Manager John Howard's brother and his new wife,  exiting the Ambassador following their wedding reception in 1930

(Image courtesy of North West Film Archive)

    In addition, local organizations like the Langworthy Amateur Dramatic Society and the Swinton and District Amateur Operatic Society received free access to the hall for charity productions. For instance, they staged the musical "Rainbow Inn" at the Ambassador in November 1937, with proceeds benefitting local charities. This spirit of community involvement and entertainment defined the vibrant Cine-Variety era at the Ambassador.

 

     In an intriguing advertisement in 1929, the Ambassador tried to drum up trade for its afternoon matinees sighting the observations of the Shoreditch Coroner and Doctors. How true the quotation is remains open to question.

 

“THE SHOREDITCH CORONER SAYS:

That too many women tie themselves up to their domestic duties, never go out, become depressed and sometimes suicidal, doctors agree with him.  They can, however avoid this by attending the AMBASSADOR MATINEES, DAILY at 2.30

(6d and 3d) “

 

October 1929 – Reluctant to Talk ?

    Having been built on the cusp of the advent of the “Talkies”, initially, the management seemed somewhat hesitant to embrace the emerging sound films from Hollywood. In an interview with the Manchester Evening News on Friday, October 11, 1929, one of the Directors of the Ambassador Circuit, Alfred Snape, expressed the view that the cinema's variety aspect, featuring its Orchestra, vocalists, and high-quality silent films, would suffice, dismissing the new sound technology as a passing "fad." However, just a year later, they would install new sound equipment in the cinema, signalling a shift in their stance and likely indicating a decline in the production of silent films as studios hurriedly transitioned into the era of sound films.

It's interesting to observe the parochial attitude towards American accents and, conversely, the dismissive perspective on the acting quality of British-produced "talkies" in the interview below...

Alfred Snape Director of The Ambassador Cinema Circuit.

                   MUSIC TO FIGHT TALKIES, OPERATIC STARS AS A COUNTER-ATTRACTION. - CINEMA MOVE
"THE directors of one of the best-known suburban cinema circuits in Manchester have decided upon a scheme which, they are confident will prove successful in fighting the hold which the ‘'talkies” have secured in Manchester The circuit in question includes the Trafford Cinema, the Ambassador, Pendleton, the Kingsway Cinema and the Heaton Park Cinema
In an interview with a "Manchester Evening News” representative today, Mr Alfred Snape, the managing director of the company expressed the intention of taking this stand as long as there were still good silent films to be obtained. "Music," he said "has built up the cinema, and I cannot understand why the public will stand for mechanical music. It is obviously not as good as an orchestra.
                                                                                            GREAT VOCALISTS
We have always specialised in good musical programmes, and we have continued to draw our crowds just the same as before the advent of the talkies. " In the near future we have arranged for some of the greatest vocalists in the country to appear on our circuit I am confident that they will draw as big a crowd as any talkie. " The artists will to appear include Frank Mullings, Elsie Boardman, Sydney Coltham, Reginald Whitehead, and Hamilton Harris. "In addition to arranging for these world-famous singers to appear we are negotiating for some of the premier music-hall star artists who are at the top of the bill at the leading music-halls throughout the country. THE AMERICAN ACCENT. "Of course,” added Mr. Snape, "we can do this only as long as the quality of the silent films remains the same, and the only risk is that they may tail off. " As long as they continue to be good, however, I do not expect there will be any difficulty in drawing the crowds. " The trouble about the talkies is that English people do not like the American accent. They will not come to see an English film on account of the acting, even though they would be getting decent voices. " It is really rather a strange position.”

 

March 1930 - A Succesful First Year

 

    In the first full fiscal year of trading, the turnover for the Ambassador was £26.000 (averaging over £500 per week). This was in what we now know as the dying days of the silent movie. These were wonderful figures for a suburban cinema where seat prices ranged from sixpence to one shilling and sixpence with only evening continuous shows, the exception being Saturday matinees.

    In a trade report of the time, the “Kinematograph Weekly”, it was noted, “Few Kinemas could have had a more difficult “first year,” for almost as soon as the Ambassador Opened, the “Singing Fool” commenced its wonderful career and upset all the trade by its phenomenal success. But neither the talkies nor the severe winter and unparalleled summer of 1929 daunted the directors of the Ambassador Cinema, who have achieved a triumph over difficult conditions, and, with a profit of over £6,000, are paying a 10 percent. dividend, and placing a considerable amount in reserve.”

The immortal spoken words of Al Jolson, "Wait a minute, wait a minute, you ain't heard nothing yet" would change the cinema-going experience forever, the silent era was coming to an end.

March 1930 Another First for Salford

   In March 1930, a remarkable event took place at the Ambassador Super Cinema in Pendleton, Manchester. During a show, patrons had the extraordinary opportunity to witness the making of a talking picture in a silent cinema, a pioneering moment in British cinema history.


    The story behind this unique occurrence unfolded when the cinema's proprietors arranged for the 'Varsity Vamps,' a jazz band composed of Manchester University students, to perform on stage. Hearing of the Gaumont Sound News van's presence in the city, they saw an excellent opportunity for a topical news story. This was especially timely as the students were gearing up for their annual fundraising 'rag' event to support local hospitals.


    Upon the cinema's suggestion, Gaumont promptly responded by installing additional stage lighting to capture the event. When the van arrived at the Ambassador, cables were run into the theatre, and both the microphone and camera were strategically placed. The cinema was packed to capacity.


    This historic occasion is believed to mark the first time a sound film was produced within a British silent cinema during a live performance.

The above video is just the intro for Gaumont British News. It is possible that the British Film Institute Archives may hold a copy of the bullitin, so watch this space.

1930- A 'Sound' Investment

Illustration of the British Thomson-Huston sound projectors

First sound film shown in the Ambassador

    In 1930, the advent of 'Talkies' marked a monumental turning point in cinematic history when Al Jolson's iconic words, 'Hold on, hold on, you ain't heard nothing yet folks!' echoed on the silver screen. To embrace this technological revolution, the Ambassador Super Cinema embarked on a substantial transformation, which included the installation of new projectors and a sound system.


    In March 1930, the board made a strategic decision to invest in a British Thomson-Houston sound system and modern projectors. These installations were successfully completed by March, and they were fully operational on Monday, April 7, 1930, when the Ambassador screened its first 'Talkie' film, "Innocents of Paris," starring Maurice Chevalier. To complete that evening's entertainment, the renowned baritone Klinton Shepherd graced the stage, accompanied by the Ambassador Symphony Orchestra.


    While the Ambassador, like many cinemas of its size, had previously featured a full orchestra and a cinema organ to enhance the silent films, the orchestra's services were no longer required once silent films faded into obsolescence in 1931. It’s uncertain when the Ambassador Symphony Orchestra was finally disbanded but we do know that three of the circuits cinema orchestras were combined in a 3rd-anniversary celebration event on Christmas Eve 1931 where it was stated that the Ambassador, Kingsway, and Regal Cinema’s orchestras were present.


    Despite the continued production of some silent films, they were quickly relegated to 'B' movie status and accompanied solely by the organ.

Tragic Motor Accident Involving Manager Claims Child's Life

John Howard, the 27-year-old manager of the Ambassador cinema from Pendleton, was acquitted of manslaughter charges related to the death of 7-year-old Constance Crawford, from Pendleton.

The incident occurred on February the 1st 1931, when Howard's car collided with a tram on which Constance was standing. The impact dislodged the tram's step, causing Constance to be thrown under the car, which then ran over her. She died on route to the hospital.

Howard claimed he was traveling at 30 mph, and did not see the tram guard's signal, and had swerved to avoid hitting another child, Constance’s 10-year-old cousin Jean Anderson, who had run across the road having jumped off the tram.

The jury found him not guilty.  (Click for News Articles)

John Howard was Manager of the Ambassador 1928 to 1938

Typical Salford Corporation tram of that time.

Christmas Eve 1931 - Third Anniversary Celebrations

An article in The Bioscope - Wednesday 06 January 1932 entitled Birthday Showmanship

"To celebrate the third anniversary of the opening of the Ambassador, Pendleton, the directors co-operated with the staff and management in organising an evening performance, which was in spirit, if not in actual truth, a patrons' party. On that night, 2,596 persons paid for admission, and the theatre was literally besieged. Apart from the films, the programme included a musical interlude by the combined orchestras of the Ambassador and Kingsway Cinemas, Levenshulme, and the Regal, Altrincham, and well-known local vocalists played a useful part in leading the Audience in the singing of choruses. Fred Read, chairman of the directors, J. Howard, house manager, and over 40 members of the Ambassador staff appeared on the stage for commununity singing, and as a grand finale, joined hands for " Auld Lang Syne." Baloons were released from the theatre ceiling, and streamers were thrown from the balcony."

September 1932 – Let There Be 'More Light

Manchester Evening News - Wednesday 19 October 1932

    Four years after its opening, the Ambassador's owners continued to invest in the cinema, initiating a refurbishment and additional enhancements. Notably, they expanded the Rex Gloria organ by adding a new electrically lit glass console. The auditorium also saw improvements in its décor and lighting effects, featuring new elements such as lighting fixtures, domes, niches, decorative windows, silhouettes, and rainbow alcoves with ever-changing colours.

    These enhancements complemented the existing Holophane lighting system that was in place when the Ambassador first opened. Repainting and cleaning became routine maintenance tasks, as cinemas of that era had to contend with heavy smoking in their auditoriums.

    According to the opening night program, the walls were originally ivory but likely turned a mucky brown over the years due to nicotine staining.

September 1933 - End of the Ambassador Circuit

Read, Snape & Ward Chairman, Fred Read dies

    In September 1933, Read, Snape & Ward faced a significant setback with the passing of its Chairman, Fred Read, who had been battling illness for three months. Fred Read had been involved in the cinema business since 1921 and had previously run a photographic business called 'Leslie Brothers' with branches across Lancashire.

    This loss had a noticeable impact on the company and its future plans. At that time, the group owned nine cinemas, six of which were of the new "super Cinema" type, and had ambitious expansion plans.

    Following Fred Read's passing, the ownership of the circuit transitioned to Snape & Ward. Interestingly, John Maxwell, the chairman of rival ABC Cinemas, joined the board as a non-executive Director after acquiring Fred Read's shares. While it might have appeared that Maxwell's intention was to eventually take over the circuit, Alfred Snape, in a Kinematograph Weekly announcement on Thursday, May 31, 1934, confirmed Maxwell's appointment to the board and simultaneously dispelled any rumours of an ABC takeover of the circuit.

November 1936 - Smartening Up the Ambassador.

 

In November 1936, the Ambassador underwent a significant renovation costing over £1,500, (this would be £135,632.96 in today's money.)  The entire theatre and café were redecorated with a colour scheme featuring pastel shades accented by gold and silver. The renovation work was carried out by G. F. Holding, Ltd. 

 

New carpets and draperies were installed, and British Thomson-Huston rectifiers were introduced to replace the generators, along with British Thomson-Huston super arcs in the projection room. Additionally, a new canopy was erected on the theatre’s frontage.

 

While the café had previously served only light refreshments, the increased traffic along the East Lancashire Road prompted the directors to equip it as a full restaurant. The café now has the capacity to accommodate 200 people.

Photo of the Cafe set up for afternoon tea in 1930

( Photo courtesy of the North West Film Archive)

September 1939 – Outbreak of World War II

    With the outbreak of World War II, the UK government mandated the temporary closure of all cinemas and entertainment venues due to concerns of bombings. The Ambassador, like many others, adhered to this directive. However, recognizing the need to maintain public morale and safety, the restrictions were lifted within two weeks. The Ambassador quickly reopened and continued operating, even through the challenging period of the Blitz in 1940-41.  Such performers as George Formby, Norman Evans, Vera Lynn, Donald Peers, Joe Loss, Sandy Powell, Ziegler and Booth and many more entertained packed houses all eager to escape the horrors of war.

Sadly, during the Blitz night of December 22nd, 1940, a landmine exploded in Castleway, situated behind the cinema. The explosion didn’t cause extensive structural damage with the sole casualty being the Rex Gloria cinema organ, which sustained substantial damage from falling debris.

 

In a Manchester Evening News Postbag letter from 1993 a member of the audience a the time ( V Boyle) recounts their experience, saying

" I was in the audience at the the Ambassador Cinema, Pendleton, enjoying Oscar Rabin's Band with leader Harry Davies and his daughter, singer  Beryl on the stage. The blitz was raging outside, but the show went on regardless, until the building shuddered as a bomb exploded on some houses just behind the Ambassador.  Only then did the audience start to leave, and without panic. "

 

Sadly, audiences would never have the chance to hear the Rex Gloria organ play again, and it was eventually dismantled for scrap after the war, in 1951.

Click to enlarge the article and the image

An earlier British Pathé film from 3 years earlier (1937) of Oscar Rabin and his Romany Band with Beryl Davis, aged about 14 or 15 and her dad Harry Davis is the guitarist. 

1953 – Cinemascope, Ambassador sees the bigger picture

    A CinemaScope 35 mm film frame showing a circle. It has been squeezed by a ratio of 2:1 by an anamorphic camera lens. The anamorphic projection lens will stretch the image horizontally to show a normal round circle on the screen.

    In 1953, the adoption of CinemaScope brought about the need for the Ambassador to once more modernize its facilities in order to stay in step with the latest advancements in cinema technology.


    The transition to CinemaScope necessitated several alterations to the projection systems employed by cinemas. The most notable change involved the incorporation of anamorphic lenses onto their projectors. These specialized lenses served to horizontally stretch the image, enabling it to fully fill the wider screen.

 

    Additionally, cinemas had to install larger screens and make modifications to their auditoriums to ensure that every seat provided an unobstructed view of the screen. This meant a reduction in capacity in some cinemas but there is no record of a reduction in the Ambassador’s capacity.

 

    This adaptation also introduced motorized screen masking tabs that automatically adjusted from the projection booth to accommodate the specific aspect ratio of the film being shown—an artistic presentation element now largely absent, much like the curtains that used to adorn the screens of cinemas.

1954 The Northern Premier of Hobson’s Choice - Salford's Story

  After the war, the Ambassador continued its position as the leading picture house in Salford. In 1954, it hosted the Northern premiere of David Lean's film "Hobson's Choice," which was promoted as a representation of Salford's own story. The film was set in Salford, with locations in Salford, Stockport, and London studios.

Photo of the Ambassador all decked out

advertising "Salford's Story - Hobson's Choice"

Click the Hobson's Choice poster frame to  go to a new screen and see the full film.  Alternatively you can click below to watch an embeded version.

1954 VistaVision installed, a Fuller Hi-definition Widescreen

Paramount Pictures promotional trailer for VistaVision

 

    In 1954, Paramount introduced its own widescreen innovation known as VistaVision. This format was developed by Paramount Pictures engineers to rival CinemaScope and other similar technologies. Unlike CinemaScope's anamorphic lenses, VistaVision employed a "flat" widescreen approach, eliminating the need for specialized lenses during filming or projection.


    However, filmmakers did require a unique VistaVision camera capable of shooting horizontally. This technique contributed to the exceptional image quality but also meant that film stock was depleted twice as quickly. When producing prints for cinemas, nothing out of the ordinary was necessary, as the films could be transferred onto standard 35mm film, suitable for widescreen presentations available at most cinemas by 1954.


    In contrast to anamorphic formats, VistaVision offered filmmakers and cinemas the advantage of a widescreen experience without compromising on either height or width, ensuring easy nationwide distribution.

    The inaugural VistaVision film, "White Christmas" (1954), enjoyed tremendous success.

The Beginning of the End for Cinemas

Even gimmicks like 3D films using Anaglyph red and

blue paper glasses didn’t revive cinema’s fortunes.

With declining audiences for film, the G.B. Snape group introduced Sunday Bingo as a way of boosting income.

    By the late 1950s and the early 1960s audience attendance was falling in all the cinemas and large ones like the Ambassador suffered more than most. The decline of cinemas was influenced by several factors. The widespread adoption of television, especially following the mass sales and rentals that began around 1952/3, which coincided with Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation had a substantial impact.


    Furthermore, other factors played a role in this decline. Heightened competition for people's disposable income, such as the increasing ease of hire purchase for luxury goods, paid holidays, and improved travel options also affected cinema attendance. As the habit of visiting the cinema two or three times a week waned, audiences became more discerning in their film choices. Some studios began catering to specific niches, like horror or adult films, sometimes overlooking family-oriented content, which meant the film-going habit was effectively lost for the next generation, despite children's matinees.

The once-popular Cinemascope and Vista-Vision technology, introduced at great expense in the mid-1950s, lost its appeal. Even gimmicks like 3D films using Anaglyph red and blue paper glasses didn’t revive cinema’s fortunes. Due to these various factors, numerous cinemas began closing in the late 1950s many became bingo halls capitalising on the Bingo craze sweeping the nation. The Ambassador, for instance, initiated Sunday bingo sessions in 1961.


By November 1964, the final film screened at the Ambassador was a Hitchcock thriller, "Marnie," featuring Tippi Hedren and Sean Connery. On a cold November evening in 1964, when the last reel was shown and the "God Save the Queen” film flickered to an end, the curtains closed on 36 years of cinema and theatre presentation at the Ambassador Super Cinema.

 

The cinema was subsequently sold to Mecca Ltd and transformed into a full-time Casino and bingo hall.

   

It was rather fitting that Violet Carson, a TV soap star in her role as Ena Sharples in Coronation Street, also an accomplished pianist, and singer, was invited to inaugurate the refurbished Ambassador as The Ambassador Mecca Casino and Bingo Hall in April 1965.

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